Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and management. Each of these waste types is examined separately below. It provides a summary of the quantities and type of plastics in the waste stream and also the main effects of recycling on the plastic material itself. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. Plastic containers are generally inappropriate since these may be blown over by the wind, can easily be removed and may be desirable for alternative uses. Pdf plastic waste management rules 2016 training ppt. Life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles e. The seventh type will no longer point a physical nonconformity or a defective product, but a nonconformity regarding a client requirement or expectation. Plastics are inexpensive and durable, and as a result levels of plastic production by. A hab can occur in fresh, marine salt, and brackish a mixture of fresh and salt water bodies around the world 14.
Polystyrene is commonly recycled, but is difficult to do. Since solid waste consist of several types of waste, it is important to briefly examine the various forms and types of solid waste. Items such as disposable coffee cups, plastic food boxes, plastic cutlery and packing foam are made from ps. Jul 30, 2018 our experience with plastic has given us some knowledge about the types of plastic waste will help you make your waste management more efficient. The materials that cause pollution are of two types.
Types of thermo plastics an overview safest choice, use with caution, avoid. Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage us, refuse or rubbish uk is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard. Although early forms of plastics were already in existence during the mid19th. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw. T ransportation of segreg ated 100 % plastic waste into feeding hopper reactor. In wealthier countries, e waste will stand for 8% of the urban waste volume 5.
To reduce it, a key priority is to focus on interventions and stewardship to help reduce the quantity of plastic waste generated by society and the. Polycarbonate pc is the most common plastic in this category, isnt used as much in recent years due to it being associated with bisphenol a bpa. Code 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of plastic not defined by the other six codes. Plastic packaging waste generation, 2014 million mt 5 figure 1. Pdf plastics and strategies for recycling, waste management and. A global problem of today is the large amount of waste in the seas and oceans, primarily plastic waste. Polypropylene is another plastic that is widely recycled. Addition to recycling waste plastics also used in production of energy or in. Plastics are macromolecules, formed by polymerization and having the ability to be shaped by the application of reasonable amount of heat.
Municipal solid waste municipal solid waste msw is generated from households, offices, hotels, shops, schools and other institutions. This kind of plastic waste is fully recyclable, although it needs to be fully processed first in order to remove contaminants and any hazardous substances that it may contain. Starting in early 2018, the government of china banned the import of several types of waste, including plastics. Plastics that are made up of heterochain polymers contain o, n, s in their backbone chains, in addition to c. Types of biomass forest residues tree branches, tops of trunks, stumps, branches, and leaves agricultural residues primarily stalks and leaves, not harvested or removed from the fields, includes corn stover, wheat husk and rice straw industrial waste citrus peels, sugarcane bagasse, milling residues,olive husks energy crops. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and. Consider that since people started producing plastic in the middle of the 20th century, we have put an estimated 8300 million tons into circulation. Also poor waste management practices among residents. Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. Based on available data, it is estimated that a small portion of all the plastic waste generated in california is recycled into new products, while the majority is disposed of in landfills. Number 7 is for all plastics other than those identified by number 16 and also plastics that may be layered or mixed with other types of plastics, such as bioplastics. Plastic wastes in the municipal solid waste msw stream and in the industrial sector are discussed in this book. Nonrecyclable plastic waste finds its application in the coprocessing of plastic waste in cement kilns.
This range of responses is necessary for such a global problem with such local variation, but to ensure plastic waste does not fall through the holes in the net of. Dec 26, 2019 some of the most common types of plastic waste include durable plastic items, plastic wrapping, and plastic bags. The 7 types of waste, found in the workshops, can be adapted into any kind of activities, including services. Different waste types require different treatment, so the first step in waste treatment is to define the waste type involved. The trade in plastic waste has been identified as a main culprit of marine litter. Different types of plastic waste recycling plastic. This refers to the use of wastes in industrial processes from which the energy and material form is recovered.
Some of the most common types of plastic waste include durable plastic items, plastic wrapping, and plastic bags. Solid waste in the united states in 1988 municipal wastes alonethat is, the solid wastes sent by households, business, and municipalities to local landfills and other waste disposal facilitiesequalled 163 million metric tons 1980 million u. There is more to plastic that you may have known the term plastic is such a generic term, covering a wide range of material. Extension of waste data collection, including new data on circularity of plastics. In a lean culture, waste is defined as anything that doesnt add value to your customer. Plastic waste in the oceans is increasingly touching the public consciousness. Biomedical waste should be collected and incinerated in incinerators. Science for environment policy indepth reports plastic waste. These numbers and labels identify both the type of resin used to make the plastic and the products recyclability.
Compounding or blending is the process of combining two or more types of plastic materials by melting, molding, and cooling them into different shapes. Chapter 7 solid waste management choose your language. The idea was to make a series of machines that were to decrease the problem of plastic waste throughout the world by reshaping it into new products on a local basis. Smart plastics guide plastic products are typically labeled with a number surrounded by the recycling symbol.
Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro, meso, or macro debris, based on size. A study on the plastic waste and environmental degradation. Plastic that are made up of polymers having only aliphatic linear c atoms in their backbone chains. Although recently there has been a slight decrease in plastic production, this is unlikely to be. Ecological and human health impacts november 2011 plastic waste is a growing concern and the drivers behind it look set to continue. Nov 15, 2019 stop the use of plastic bags and use bags of degradable materials like paper and cloth. The plastic waste trade in the circular economy european. Ecological and human health impacts 1science for environment policy indepth reports plastic waste. As a result, the united nations has imposed a ban on waste plastic trade unless it meets certain criteria. Quantities of plastic wastes generated, characterization of the wastes, their environmental impact, and management of the waste stream are described. For hazardous waste focus is given to health care risk waste, pesticides, electronic waste e waste, metallurgical waste and other hazardous waste.
Waste is a major problem for marine organisms, causing entanglement, choking, strangulation, malnutrition and. Because some types of plastic waste have been added to the united nations basel convention, the option of exporting plastic waste is becoming increasingly difficult. Analysis of plastic waste production and recycling methods. For hazardous waste focus is given to health care risk waste, pesticides, electronic waste ewaste, metallurgical waste and other hazardous waste. Legal definitions for waste types have not been included in this section, as these will vary by location. Electronic waste university of california, berkeley. Code 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of. Pelmanco collect this type of plastic waste and recycle them. It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional. Disposal of all plastic waste ever generated as of 2015 7 figure 1.
Plastic pollution in the sea is a symptom of a more systemic issue originating on land and related to the design, the use and the disposal of plastic items, particularly singleuse packaging. At this time, a large portion of the plastic waste stream is still treated as waste, and there is a large opportunity to recover more of the plastics we use in the united states. In the uk, the television documentary blue planet ii played an important role in raising awareness of the issue and its effects on marine life. This requires policymakers, business and other actors to build a more robust and circular economy for plastic in. Examples of this type of polymers are poly vinyl chloride pvc. In highrise buildings the waste is picked up by the building maintenance personnel, or special vertical chutes are provided to deliver the waste to a central location for storage, processing, or resource recovery. Plastic fabrication methods that are able to strengthen plastics. The ban has greatly affected recycling industries worldwide, as china had been the worlds largest importer of waste plastics and processed hardto.
Over 50% of states report a hab every year in a freshwater body, and all coastal states report habs in marine waters 6 habs are caused by organisms called phytoplankton, some of which can produce toxins 7,8. Our experience with plastic has given us some knowledge about the types of plastic waste will help you make your waste management more efficient. The global e waste production is assessed at 2050 mtyear 3, equal to % of the estimated global urban waste production 1636 mt 4, 2. Chapter 7 solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. Plastic waste is also integrated with bitumen for laying roads. Waste act of 1990, which set a goal of diverting 25% of new mexicos municipal solid waste from landfills by 1995 and 50% by july 1, 2000. Companies, organisations, and institutions are now heavily engaged in sorting, organising, and recycling waste products in observance of a more environmentfriendly and responsible practice. Solid waste in the united states in 1988 municipal wastes alonethat is, the solid wastes sent by households, business, and municipalities to local landfills and other wastedisposal facilitiesequalled 163 million metric tons 1980 million u. Factors that currently limit mechanical recycling include. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source. Consider that since people started producing plastic in the middle of the 20th century, we have put an estimated 8300. Waste management system design to reduce landlling and illegal dumping 18 figure 3. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and.
The main objectives of this module to provide guidance to las in sri lanka and officials who engage in swm activities. The plastic bag waste holds second and third positions in india and south africa respectively as one of the items in the marine debris icc, 2003. Plastics the facts is an analysis of the data related to the production, demand and waste management of plastic materials. Solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes smartzworld. Shredding of plastic waste and dislodging dust and impurities. Plastic waste management free download as powerpoint presentation. The ban has greatly affected recycling industries worldwide, as china had been the worlds largest importer of waste plastics and processed hardtorecycle plastics for other countries, especially in the west. The major types of waste generated from households were food residues 97. A study of plastic waste management effectiveness in indonesia.
In wealthier countries, ewaste will stand for 8% of. International coastal cleanup says that the plastic wastes have become a serious threat to the aquatic life. The laboratory results presented in the study favorably suggest the possibility of utilizing plastic material as tensile inclusions in expansive soil to increase the resistance to shear, cbr value and. Countries importing the waste plastics often lack the capacity to process all the material. In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste.
Waste can appear in several forms and often it looks like useful work. Segregation as a means of managing waste has become a huge deal globally over the past couple of decades. Disposal and recycling of singleuse plastic packaging and. Plastics the facts 2018 an analysis of european plastics production, demand and waste data. Waste, is a combination of used or unwanted electronic products that have exceeded their shelf life. The types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that have been separated at the source include curbside collection, drop off. Habs have occurred in every region of the united states 5. Attributionnoncommercial cc bync license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon work noncommercially, and. Incorporating waste plastic bottles in the construction industry also is a crucial way to solve the issue of insufficient plastic waste disposal. For example pesticides, nuclear wastes, and plastics etc. Those pollutants which remain consistent in the environment for a long period of time without any change in its original form are called persistent pollutants. Plastic pollution will have negative impacts on tourism if it decreases the beauty of our country plastics on beaches can be dangerous to our children and pets. In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste management strategy that includes 1 reducing the amount.
Microsoft powerpoint plastic waste management author. Policy responses to plastic waste come in many forms and. The nuisance of plastic waste has many root causes in nairobi. Rain boots, shoes, hollow toys, balls, large pipes and tubes etc. Understanding the plastic types can help consumers like you make more informed decisions related to your health and the environment. Ecodesign guidelines for plastic packaging finalised by 2020. To give practical help to see waste hiding in plain sight. Waste management has provided recycling services for decades, but today we are determined to expand recycling to more, and more challenging, venues and waste streams. In addition, its important to become familiar with an items spi society of the plastics industry code, which is also known as a resin identification number and is used to classify the different types of plastic. The global ewaste production is assessed at 2050 mtyear 3, equal to % of the estimated global urban waste production 1636 mt 4, 2. The types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that have been separated at the source include curbside collection, drop off and buy back centers. Plastic waste has the additional complication of spanning many policy areas, such as marine management, coastal management, waste management and the regulation of chemicals. Associated with the different types of resin are potential health risks. Plastic manufacturers and factories throw plastic waste and toxic chemicals into nearby water bodies consequences.
The major components are food waste, paper, plastic, rags, metal and. This article is is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercial 4. Computer equipment, monitorstvs, cell phones, batteries, stereos, etc. Stop the use of plastic bags and use bags of degradable materials like paper and cloth. The problem of plastic waste and microplastics in the seas. Assessment of waste management practices among residents of.
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